Math & Colour Science for Colourists (MCSC)

2026‑03‑03

Many practising colourists are accomplished in using their colour grading systems; however, there are no textbooks that cover cover the math and science of grading, and available training courses have incomplete – or worse, misguided! – coverage of these topics. Grading of commercials can be done completely visually; but in my opinion, efficient, successful long-form grading requires a solid colour pipeline from DoP to distribution, therefore requires knowledge of colour science and math. In this course, I will fill-in the deep fundamentals.

Starting Tue Mar 10, I’ll present Math and Colour Science for Colourists, in twelve, 90-minute online sessions: one session weekly, across three months – so, 18 hours of course time in total, equivalent to about 2.5 work days.

UPDATE: The course starting Tue Mar 10 (then weekly) at 12:00 Toronto time, what I call Cohort 1, is sold out. I’ve opened a second cohort, starting Mon Mar 16 (then weekly) at 20:00 Toronto time: this is convenient for Calif. (Mon 17:00) and Asia/ANZ (Tue morning). The registration system does not reflect the two cohorts. If you’re joining the second cohort, just register and I’ll sort out manually which timing you prefer. I am considering adding Cohort 3, starting Fri Mar 13, 12:00 Toronto; if you would like to join that, don’t register [yet], but send me email. I have had a report of a registration anomaly, if you have any trouble, please send email.

  • A 90‑minute online session weekly

  • you have a choice of two times of day (cohorts):
    ‣ cohort 1 starts Tue Mar 10: 18:00 Europe, 17:00 UK, 12:00 Toronto/New York, 09:00 Calif. [SOLD OUT]
    ‣ cohort 2 starts Tue Mar 17: 06:30 Mumbai, 10:00 Seoul, 12:00 Sydney, 14:00 Wellington; Mon Mar 16, 20:00 Toronto/New York, 17:00 Calif.
    ‣ I am considering a third cohort, Fri Mar 13: 18:00 Europe, 17:00 UK, 12:00 Toronto/New York, 09:00 Calif. If you’d like to register, please send email.

  • Both cohorts cover the same material

  • Sessions are expected to include questions and vibrant discussion (with video recording available afterward).

  • A PDF course handout each month, 30 pages for each of 3 months, ~100 pages in total

  • An online forum is available for discussions among participants & instructor

I expect that many people interested have already had training in a colour grading system (most probably, DaVinci Resolve). What I am offering goes beyond training into education in the principles of colour science as applied to image systems in general – and specifically cameras, displays, and colour grading systems. You’ll gain a deep understanding of the building blocks and the pipelines. The course material is directly applicable to Resolve, Baselight, and other grading and on-set systems. I’ll teach the fundamentals of techniques that are often used without a complete understanding of the big picture. (I will not teach hints, tips, tricks, or user interfaces.)

Graphs and equations will be shown and explained. If you have first-year university math: great! You’ll gain a deeper understanding of log coding, the CIE chromaticity diagram, and other things. If you have high-school math, you’ll still follow, and you’ll increase your understanding of how math informs image and color science.

To enable lively interaction, I plan to limit the course to about 16 participants, and generally expect “cameras on.” If the course is oversubscribed, You’ll be expected to attend the majority of classes. Video recording will be made available after each session for those who are unable to attend, and for those who wish to retain a recording for their own personal use.

Registration is at two pricing levels:

  • CAD 1080.00 (equivalent to 90.00/session) for corporations and/or professional full-time colourists;
  • CAD 720.00 for free lancers and independent colourists; and

Outline: The material will be presented in 12 sessions, roughly as follows:

FUNDAMENTALS

  • questions & axioms: Dirk [most important piece of equipment], Charles [Axiom Zero, “reproduction”], Troy [stimulus, sensation, cognition; image formation]
  • fundamentals & terminology; radiometry & photometry; units of light;
  • RGB/CMY mixtures (why the usual colour mixing diagrams are wrong); idealized additive RGB; mosaic & Bayer [RGB cube; visualization]
  • photon path; sensels, pixels, subpixels; perceptual uniformity;
  • the “‑nesses”; CIE metric lightness \(L^*\); bit depths

MATH (I)

  • notation; functions; linearity & nonlinearity; \(y = A·x + B\)
  • vectors; 3×3 matrices; introduction to linear algebra (“channel mixer”)
  • computing fundamentals & tools (W|A, python);
  • algebraic & numerical approaches; estimation/optimization

CLASSIC COLORIMETRY

  • from spectral distribution to tristimulus values;
  • LMS, CIE XYZ, [x, y] chromaticity (why the classic CIE [x, y] plot is misleading)
  • RGB; white point, CCT; affine transforms (eg between primary systems);
  • colourspaces; luma; colour difference systems; LAB;

DISPLAY TECH

  • various display technologies including LCD, OLED, QD‑OLED, Xe and laser projectors;
  • display signal processing; EOTF
  • CONTRAST & BRIGHTNESS (and a 75‑year‑old terminology problem)

IMAGE SIGNAL CODING

  • digitization; sampling & quantization;
  • full/legal range;
  • SDI, HDMI;
  • luma & colour differences; chroma subsampling; 4:2:2; \(Y’C_{\mathrm B}C_{\mathrm R}\), \(I’C_{\mathrm T}C_{\mathrm P}\)
  • LUTs: 1D, 3D; technical & creative LUTs; interpolation (eg, trilinear, tetrahedral)

MASTERING, METADATA, DISTRIBUTION

  • fundamentals of HDR & WCG; colourspace summary
  • colour calibration;
  • metadata (incl. colr, nclc/nclx, gama, and “Rec. 709‑A”); delivery

MATH (II)

  • perceptual uniformity refresher;
  • log, exponential, and power (gamma) functions;
  • bit depth; stops & density units; LV & EV; optical density; Beer’s law;
  • gamma & log coding; OpenEXR; floating point; Barten’s “curve”; PQ; HDR10; HLG;

PHOTOCHEMISTRY & DENSITOMETRY

  • photochemical film: H & D, D-log E;
  • classic colour timing;
  • OCN//IP//IN//RP; printer lights (“points”);
  • Cineon/CPD/DPX;

SENSOR & CAMERA TECH

  • OETF; camera spectral constraints, Luther/Ives condition; introduction to metamerism
  • gamut, gamut mismatch, gamut mapping;
  • IDTs/CFMs; why “colour correction”/CCM is the wrong terminology for cameras

COLOUR APPEARANCE

  • appearance attributes;
  • Axiom Zero; classic HD pipeline;
  • chromatic adaptation (eg, Bradford); hue uniformity;
  • colour appearance models including CAM16, T-CAM, \(J_{\mathrm z}a_{\mathrm z}b_{\mathrm z}\), OpenDRT;
  • display mapping, \(I’C_{\mathrm T}C_{\mathrm P}\)

COLOUR PIPELINES & ACES

  • HD; scene referred and display referred pipelines;
  • modern cinema pipeline;
  • ACES 1.x & 2.0 (OETF//OETF⁻¹//LMT//DRT//EOTF⁻¹//DM//EOTF)

COLOUR GRADING

  • modern grading: “video” and “film” grading;
  • grading controls (lift-gamma-gain-offset; exposure, saturation, “temperature”);
  • node graphs; LUTs; formula transforms; ctl, OpenColorIO

Registrants successfully completing the course (after passing the final exam) will receive a certificate and, upon request, be listed on Poynton.ca.

WARNING: The presenter is Canadian; colour will be spelled with a “u.”

Charles Poynton is an independent researcher and image/colour scientist based in Toronto. He wrote the book Digital Video and HD Algorithms and Interfaces, now in its second edition. Thirty five years ago, he chose 1080 image rows for HD standards, by which “square pixels” were established for HD and digital cinema. He earned his PhD in 2018 from Simon Fraser University with a dissertation entitled Colour Appearance Issues in Digital Video, HD/UHD, and D‑cinema. He is a Fellow of SMPTE, Colorist Society (CSI), and IMIS (formerly BKSTS). ∎